![]() Across both experiments, we observed proportionally lower levels of target responding during and following the DRA condition that arranged extinction for the target response. We conducted this study in a reverse-translation sequence, first with participants who engaged in destructive behavior (Experiment 1) and then in a laboratory setting with rats (Experiment 2). In DRA with extinction plus noncontingent reinforcement, only alternative behavior produced reinforcement. In DRA without extinction, target and alternative behavior produced reinforcement. We tested these predictions by examining resurgence following two DRA conditions in which we equated rates of reinforcement. Quantitative theories of resurgence (i.e., Behavioral Momentum Theory and Resurgence as Choice) predict differences in the efficacy of treatments that do and do not involve extinction of target responding when reinforcement conditions maintaining alternative responding worsen. In the clinic, differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) often involves programming extinction for destructive behavior while reinforcing an alternative form of communication (e.g., a functional communication response) however, implementing extinction can be unsafe or impractical under some circumstances. ![]()
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